The curvature of the subspace universe around these singularities derived spaces is the gravity from a particle's mass. It it the result of the interactions of the forces from the two singularities ( the line and the circle). These forces are equal and opposite which results in the stability of the mass.
The forces from the singularities can act upon another particle. This is the force of electrostatic attraction and repulsion. Here a matter particle has a positive charge and an antimatter particle has a negative charge.
A model of an electron show two matter particles each having a charge of +1/2 surrounding an antimatter particle with a mass equal to the two matter particles rest masses. It has a charge of -2.
The particle/wave nature of both particles and light has to do with including the singularities or just the resultant time-space ripples in the observation.
|
Also available as Audio Books |